namedtuple_with_abc.py 8.5 KB

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  1. # http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577629-namedtupleabc-abstract-base-class-mix-in-for-named/
  2. #!/usr/bin/env python
  3. # Copyright (c) 2011 Jan Kaliszewski (zuo). Available under the MIT License.
  4. """
  5. namedtuple_with_abc.py:
  6. * named tuple mix-in + ABC (abstract base class) recipe,
  7. * works under Python 2.6, 2.7 as well as 3.x.
  8. Import this module to patch collections.namedtuple() factory function
  9. -- enriching it with the 'abc' attribute (an abstract base class + mix-in
  10. for named tuples) and decorating it with a wrapper that registers each
  11. newly created named tuple as a subclass of namedtuple.abc.
  12. How to import:
  13. import collections, namedtuple_with_abc
  14. or:
  15. import namedtuple_with_abc
  16. from collections import namedtuple
  17. # ^ in this variant you must import namedtuple function
  18. # *after* importing namedtuple_with_abc module
  19. or simply:
  20. from namedtuple_with_abc import namedtuple
  21. Simple usage example:
  22. class Credentials(namedtuple.abc):
  23. _fields = 'username password'
  24. def __str__(self):
  25. return ('{0.__class__.__name__}'
  26. '(username={0.username}, password=...)'.format(self))
  27. print(Credentials("alice", "Alice's password"))
  28. For more advanced examples -- see below the "if __name__ == '__main__':".
  29. """
  30. import collections
  31. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractproperty
  32. from functools import wraps
  33. from sys import version_info
  34. __all__ = ('namedtuple',)
  35. _namedtuple = collections.namedtuple
  36. class _NamedTupleABCMeta(ABCMeta):
  37. '''The metaclass for the abstract base class + mix-in for named tuples.'''
  38. def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace):
  39. fields = namespace.get('_fields')
  40. for base in bases:
  41. if fields is not None:
  42. break
  43. fields = getattr(base, '_fields', None)
  44. if not isinstance(fields, abstractproperty):
  45. basetuple = _namedtuple(name, fields)
  46. bases = (basetuple,) + bases
  47. namespace.pop('_fields', None)
  48. namespace.setdefault('__doc__', basetuple.__doc__)
  49. namespace.setdefault('__slots__', ())
  50. return ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace)
  51. exec(
  52. # Python 2.x metaclass declaration syntax
  53. """class _NamedTupleABC(object):
  54. '''The abstract base class + mix-in for named tuples.'''
  55. __metaclass__ = _NamedTupleABCMeta
  56. _fields = abstractproperty()""" if version_info[0] < 3 else
  57. # Python 3.x metaclass declaration syntax
  58. """class _NamedTupleABC(metaclass=_NamedTupleABCMeta):
  59. '''The abstract base class + mix-in for named tuples.'''
  60. _fields = abstractproperty()"""
  61. )
  62. _namedtuple.abc = _NamedTupleABC
  63. #_NamedTupleABC.register(type(version_info)) # (and similar, in the future...)
  64. @wraps(_namedtuple)
  65. def namedtuple(*args, **kwargs):
  66. '''Named tuple factory with namedtuple.abc subclass registration.'''
  67. cls = _namedtuple(*args, **kwargs)
  68. _NamedTupleABC.register(cls)
  69. return cls
  70. collections.namedtuple = namedtuple
  71. if __name__ == '__main__':
  72. '''Examples and explanations'''
  73. # Simple usage
  74. class MyRecord(namedtuple.abc):
  75. _fields = 'x y z' # such form will be transformed into ('x', 'y', 'z')
  76. def _my_custom_method(self):
  77. return list(self._asdict().items())
  78. # (the '_fields' attribute belongs to the named tuple public API anyway)
  79. rec = MyRecord(1, 2, 3)
  80. print(rec)
  81. print(rec._my_custom_method())
  82. print(rec._replace(y=222))
  83. print(rec._replace(y=222)._my_custom_method())
  84. # Custom abstract classes...
  85. class MyAbstractRecord(namedtuple.abc):
  86. def _my_custom_method(self):
  87. return list(self._asdict().items())
  88. try:
  89. MyAbstractRecord() # (abstract classes cannot be instantiated)
  90. except TypeError as exc:
  91. print(exc)
  92. class AnotherAbstractRecord(MyAbstractRecord):
  93. def __str__(self):
  94. return '<<<{0}>>>'.format(super(AnotherAbstractRecord,
  95. self).__str__())
  96. # ...and their non-abstract subclasses
  97. class MyRecord2(MyAbstractRecord):
  98. _fields = 'a, b'
  99. class MyRecord3(AnotherAbstractRecord):
  100. _fields = 'p', 'q', 'r'
  101. rec2 = MyRecord2('foo', 'bar')
  102. print(rec2)
  103. print(rec2._my_custom_method())
  104. print(rec2._replace(b=222))
  105. print(rec2._replace(b=222)._my_custom_method())
  106. rec3 = MyRecord3('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
  107. print(rec3)
  108. print(rec3._my_custom_method())
  109. print(rec3._replace(q=222))
  110. print(rec3._replace(q=222)._my_custom_method())
  111. # You can also subclass non-abstract ones...
  112. class MyRecord33(MyRecord3):
  113. def __str__(self):
  114. return '< {0!r}, ..., {0!r} >'.format(self.p, self.r)
  115. rec33 = MyRecord33('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
  116. print(rec33)
  117. print(rec33._my_custom_method())
  118. print(rec33._replace(q=222))
  119. print(rec33._replace(q=222)._my_custom_method())
  120. # ...and even override the magic '_fields' attribute again
  121. class MyRecord345(MyRecord3):
  122. _fields = 'e f g h i j k'
  123. rec345 = MyRecord345(1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1)
  124. print(rec345)
  125. print(rec345._my_custom_method())
  126. print(rec345._replace(f=222))
  127. print(rec345._replace(f=222)._my_custom_method())
  128. # Mixing-in some other classes is also possible:
  129. class MyMixIn(object):
  130. def method(self):
  131. return "MyMixIn.method() called"
  132. def _my_custom_method(self):
  133. return "MyMixIn._my_custom_method() called"
  134. def count(self, item):
  135. return "MyMixIn.count({0}) called".format(item)
  136. def _asdict(self): # (cannot override a namedtuple method, see below)
  137. return "MyMixIn._asdict() called"
  138. class MyRecord4(MyRecord33, MyMixIn): # mix-in on the right
  139. _fields = 'j k l x'
  140. class MyRecord5(MyMixIn, MyRecord33): # mix-in on the left
  141. _fields = 'j k l x y'
  142. rec4 = MyRecord4(1, 2, 3, 2)
  143. print(rec4)
  144. print(rec4.method())
  145. print(rec4._my_custom_method()) # MyRecord33's
  146. print(rec4.count(2)) # tuple's
  147. print(rec4._replace(k=222))
  148. print(rec4._replace(k=222).method())
  149. print(rec4._replace(k=222)._my_custom_method()) # MyRecord33's
  150. print(rec4._replace(k=222).count(8)) # tuple's
  151. rec5 = MyRecord5(1, 2, 3, 2, 1)
  152. print(rec5)
  153. print(rec5.method())
  154. print(rec5._my_custom_method()) # MyMixIn's
  155. print(rec5.count(2)) # MyMixIn's
  156. print(rec5._replace(k=222))
  157. print(rec5._replace(k=222).method())
  158. print(rec5._replace(k=222)._my_custom_method()) # MyMixIn's
  159. print(rec5._replace(k=222).count(2)) # MyMixIn's
  160. # Note that behavior: the standard namedtuple methods cannot be
  161. # overridden by a foreign mix-in -- even if the mix-in is declared
  162. # as the leftmost base class (but, obviously, you can override them
  163. # in the defined class or its subclasses):
  164. print(rec4._asdict()) # (returns a dict, not "MyMixIn._asdict() called")
  165. print(rec5._asdict()) # (returns a dict, not "MyMixIn._asdict() called")
  166. class MyRecord6(MyRecord33):
  167. _fields = 'j k l x y z'
  168. def _asdict(self):
  169. return "MyRecord6._asdict() called"
  170. rec6 = MyRecord6(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
  171. print(rec6._asdict()) # (this returns "MyRecord6._asdict() called")
  172. # All that record classes are real subclasses of namedtuple.abc:
  173. assert issubclass(MyRecord, namedtuple.abc)
  174. assert issubclass(MyAbstractRecord, namedtuple.abc)
  175. assert issubclass(AnotherAbstractRecord, namedtuple.abc)
  176. assert issubclass(MyRecord2, namedtuple.abc)
  177. assert issubclass(MyRecord3, namedtuple.abc)
  178. assert issubclass(MyRecord33, namedtuple.abc)
  179. assert issubclass(MyRecord345, namedtuple.abc)
  180. assert issubclass(MyRecord4, namedtuple.abc)
  181. assert issubclass(MyRecord5, namedtuple.abc)
  182. assert issubclass(MyRecord6, namedtuple.abc)
  183. # ...but abstract ones are not subclasses of tuple
  184. # (and this is what you probably want):
  185. assert not issubclass(MyAbstractRecord, tuple)
  186. assert not issubclass(AnotherAbstractRecord, tuple)
  187. assert issubclass(MyRecord, tuple)
  188. assert issubclass(MyRecord2, tuple)
  189. assert issubclass(MyRecord3, tuple)
  190. assert issubclass(MyRecord33, tuple)
  191. assert issubclass(MyRecord345, tuple)
  192. assert issubclass(MyRecord4, tuple)
  193. assert issubclass(MyRecord5, tuple)
  194. assert issubclass(MyRecord6, tuple)
  195. # Named tuple classes created with namedtuple() factory function
  196. # (in the "traditional" way) are registered as "virtual" subclasses
  197. # of namedtuple.abc:
  198. MyTuple = namedtuple('MyTuple', 'a b c')
  199. mt = MyTuple(1, 2, 3)
  200. assert issubclass(MyTuple, namedtuple.abc)
  201. assert isinstance(mt, namedtuple.abc)